Climate change is a global phenomenon caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The impact of climate change is very significant on biodiversity. Natural habitats such as forests, seas and other land ecosystems are experiencing drastic changes. One of the main impacts is changes in temperature which cause shifts in species distribution areas. Many species are forced to look for new, more suitable habitats to survive. Rising temperatures also affect the life cycles of many organisms. For example, plants flowering earlier can disrupt predator and prey relationships, as well as interactions within the ecosystem. This has the potential to reduce biodiversity, especially if species cannot adapt as quickly as these changes. Rising sea levels due to melting polar ice and global warming threaten coastal ecosystems, such as coral reefs and mangroves. Coral reefs, which are home to thousands of marine species, are bleaching due to higher water temperatures. The reduced quality of coral reefs results in reduced fish populations and other marine organisms, thus disrupting the stability of the marine ecosystem. In addition, changes in rainfall patterns also have a major impact on biodiversity. Areas that experience less rain will experience drought, threatening species that rely heavily on moisture. On the other hand, flooding due to excessive rainfall can destroy habitats and result in the loss of species. Climate change also increases the risk of spreading disease in flora and fauna. Healthy organisms can become more susceptible to new pathogens due to environmental stress. This worsens an already endangered population and disrupts the balance of the ecosystem. Diversion of land for agriculture and infrastructure development also exacerbates the impacts of climate change. Destroyed natural habitat reduces the ability of ecosystems to absorb carbon dioxide, accelerating climate change. Therefore, habitat preservation is very important to maintain biodiversity. The need for conservation efforts to protect endangered species amidst the threat of climate change is very urgent. Sustainable management and spatial planning must be carried out so that the ecosystem can adapt. Thus, real action must be taken to mitigate the negative impacts of climate change on biodiversity.
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